In the early 1900s, when most doors were still closed to women, Filomena Francisco‑Guerrero dared to dream—and made history. Born in 1886 to a humble family, Filomena’s story is one of determination, courage, and academic excellence. And at the heart of her journey stands Manila Central University.
At a time when the idea of a woman studying pharmacy was almost unthinkable, Filomena defied expectations. She worked as a domestic helper to fund her education and insisted on pursuing a field that many believed was “not for women.” With unwavering resolve, she left her job and chose the path of learning.
In 1908, she earned her pharmacy degree from what is now Manila Central University—then known as Escuela de Farmacia del Liceo de Manila—graduating top of her class and making history as the first licensed Filipina pharmacist.
But her achievements didn’t stop there. While studying, she also taught at Centro Escolar de Señoritas to support herself. She later opened her own pharmacy, Del Carmen, in 1910, and pursued scientific research in chemistry and biology—exploring how pharmacopoeia is related to bacterial activity.
She co-founded civic groups like the School Association of the Philippines and the Female League for Peace, alongside other pioneering women like Concepción Félix and Librada Avelino. She even wrote novels and was honored by literary icon Pedro Paterno.
Filomena’s life was rooted in service, intellect, and nation-building. She married Dr. Alfredo León Guerrero, son of the Philippines’ first pharmacist, León María Guerrero Sr., and raised children who would go on to become leaders in diplomacy and historical writing.
Her legacy remains a testament to the transformative power of education. And it all began at MCU.
Sources:
Some Asian Women Pioneers of Chemistry and Pharmacy by Juan Núñez Valdés, Fernando de Pablos Pons, and Antonio Ramos Carrillo (MDPI, 2022)
“Feminine Invasion”: Women and Philippine Pharmacy in the Early Twentieth Century by Leo Angelo Nery
